📖 Book · cpp core · medium

🔑 C++ Keywords by Version — Specifiers & Attributes

Every interview-relevant keyword, specifier and attribute — grouped by the standard that introduced it, with its significance and a small example.

A single, consolidated reference to the C++ keywords / specifiers / attributes that change semantics, organized by standard (C++98/03 through C++23): explicit, mutable, volatile, virtual, inline (98); noexcept, constexpr, override/final, auto/decltype, nullptr (11); decltype(auto), [[deprecated]] (14); if constexpr, [[nodiscard]], structured bindings, inline variables (17); concepts, consteval, constinit, co_await/co_yield/co_return, [[likely]], explicit(bool) (20); [[assume]], if consteval, deducing this (23). Each with significance and a tiny example; live-runnable through C++20, plus an animated version timeline and links to the deep-dive lessons.

8 chapters▶ runnable code✦ in-depth animation
▶ See it animated:C++ keywords by version — a specifier & attribute timeline →C++20 Concepts & requires — Type Constraints Made Explicit →C++20 consteval & constinit — Compile-Time Guarantees →noexcept Moves & Vector Growth →C++17: [[nodiscard]], [[maybe_unused]], [[fallthrough]] →C++17: if constexpr →C++17: Structured Bindings →The Spaceship Operator <=> →Type Deduction: auto & Templates →

What this book covers

  1. 01The keyword timeline
  2. 02C++98/03 — the classic specifiers
  3. 03C++11 — the modern foundation
  4. 04C++14 — incremental polish
  5. 05C++17 — attributes & ergonomics
  6. 06C++20 — concepts, coroutines, hints
  7. 07C++23 — the latest polish
  8. 08One-page cheat sheet

Read it in full — runnable C++ + step-through animations

Every chapter of C++ Keywords by Version — Specifiers & Attributes ships complete, editable code you compile and run in the browser, plus the same in-depth animations as the lessons.

Start free →Already a member? Log in →